23 freshmen's professional cognition towards bioinformatics specialty in Central South University is investigated using self-designed questionnaire. Their professional cognition degrees are analyzed from professional admissions willingness, reselect specialty willingness, professional understanding level, professional preferences and expectations, then targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, including strengthening enrollment propaganda, carrying out freshmen entrance education and career plan education, developing psychological communication timely, enriching learning methods, constructing rational curriculum system, etc.