The paper analyzes the problems of the specialized databases and search engines during document retrieval and the reasons for constructing retrieval thesaurus in the field of medical field, and establishes a retrieval thesaurus jointly reviewed by sci-tech novelty assessment and subject specialists by taking sci-tech novelty report of the sci-tech novelty station of the Ministry of Education since 2014 as the data sources. The thesaurus applies to sci-tech novelty assessment, document retrieval teaching and other fields, which can also be promoted in other fields.