Through the retrieval of literatures about the research and application of ontology in the diabetes field in PubMed, IEEE/IET Electronic Library, ACM, WANFANG, CNKI, VIP and other Chinese and English databases, as well as the search engines Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, the paper shows the current situations and summarizes the main study contents. The result shows that the study achievements of ontology in the field of diabetes increase rapidly and there are obvious advantages in semantic comprehension in recent decade.