The health information requirement and active acquisition of rural residents in Shaanxi province are investigated and analyzed. The results show that the overall initiative of health information acquisition is poor, the level of health information requirement is not high, the influence of health information requirement on active acquisition is different, etc. According to the health information requirement of rural residents, the paper proposes to adopt incentive methods and measures to stimulate their initiative and enthusiasm in obtaining health information and guide and improve the level and content of health information requirement of rural residents.