Significance Based on the research of the current situation of China’s health and medical data policies and regulations, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen the legal protection. Method/Process The current situation of policies and regulations at the national and local levels is sorted out, legislative dilemmas are analyzed, extraterritorial legislative models are compared and studied, and suggestions on building and improving the legal system of health and medical data are put forward.Result/Conclusion It is necessary to clarify the legislative principles of China’s health and medical data legal system, learn from the successful experience of local legislation and extraterritorial legislative practice, and adopt the “basic law+special law” model.