Purpose/Significance The health index of urban residents is constructed based on human information metrology, and health status of urban residents is measured and evaluated, so as to promote residents’ health management and improve their health literacy. Method/Process Combined with the relevant research, the health evaluation index system of urban residents is constructed, and the questionnaire survey is carried out. The health index of urban residents is calculated based on the entropy value and the comprehensive index methods, and then the empirical analysis is carried out. Result/Conclusion The difference between the health index of urban residents is the smallest in the external relationship and the largest in the natural environment. There are large differences in the health index of gender and age groups. It is suggested to carry out residents’ health education, strengthen the health management of high-risk groups, and construct residents’ health portraits.