Purpose/Significance The paper systematically reviews the application and research progress of large language models (LLMs) in the medical field, analyzes the key challenges and opportunities, and provides references for related research. Method/Process The systematic literature review method is adopted to comprehensively review the relevant literature published in recent years, focusing on the latest progress of medical LLMs. The application results, research status and challenges of LLMs in medical natural language processing (NLP) tasks are analyzed. Result/Conclusion The application of LLMs in the medical field has a broad prospect, and the future research should focus on the technical progress and the improvement of ethical norms. On the one hand, the pace of technological innovation should be accelerated, and on the other hand, strict compliance with ethical standards should be ensured to jointly promote the sustainable development of LLMs technology in the medical field.