Purpose/Significance By investigating and analyzing the characteristics of scientific data citation of scientific data sharing institutions in the field of medical and population health, the paper provides references and guidance for open sharing and standardized citation of scientific data. Method/Process Taking the National Population Health Data Center as an example, the literature analysis method is used to analyze the scientific data citation behavior and its traceability in this field. Result/Conclusion It is found that there are non-standard citation behaviors such as inconsistent labeling positions and missing citation elements in the scientific data in the field of medical and population health, and a large number of open and shared scientific data cannot be effectively traced. It is urgent to improve the standards of scientific data citation, strengthen the management of scientific data platform, enhance the awareness of scientific researchers, and promote scientific data sharing and citation.