Purpose/Significance To discuss the potential, risks and governance strategies of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in enhancing the capacity of primary health care services in China. Method/Process The application potential of GAI in primary healthcare is analyzed through literature review, current situation analysis, empirical enumeration,etc., and the challenges of GAI in primary healthcare are discussed from the aspects of reliability, doctor-patient communication and language barriers. Result/Conclusion Strategies such as building a high-quality GAI data platform, strengthening the construction of algorithmic norms and legal systems, deepening medical risk and ethical supervision, encouraging public participation, and promoting cross-domain cooperation should be adopted to realize the effective empowerment of GAI for primary medical services and improve the overall level of medical services.