Purpose/Significance To explore the current application status, challenges and trends of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the primary health management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to provide references for improving the service level of primary medical and health institutions.Method/Process The application value and practical path of AI technology in the primary health management of T2DM are analyzed based on cases, and related challenges and trends are discussed. Result/Conclusion AI technology has great potential and value in the risk prediction of T2DM, blood glucose monitoring, drug treatment, dietary and exercise intervention, and health education. Some primary medical and health institutions have explored the application of AI technology in the health management of T2DM. However, the application of AI at the primary level still faces challenges such as poor data quality, high privacy risks, a shortage of compound talents, and low patient acceptance. In view of this, suggestions such as improving data quality, ensuring data security, strengthening talent cultivation and building patient trust are put forward to promote the application of AI technology in the health management of T2DM at the primary level.